Wala kasi ray disbentaha na grid level energy storage systems?
No pantongtongan tayo so nipaakar ed renewable energy, walay lanang ya elepante ed kuarto ya singa amin et mansasayaw ed kaliberliber na - panagsimpenan. Say grid level energy storage et singa marakep ed papel, tan seguradon nakaukolan itan no labay tayon gawaen ya malaknab so wind tan solar. Balet saray disbentaha na grid level energy storage systems et maples ya ondarakel no lampasan mo ray marketing brochure tan subsidiya na gobierno.
Say unonan naisip mo et say gastos. Aliwan say upfront capital expenditure labat, ya makapadinayew, no ag ingen saray gastos ed operasyon ya tuloytuloy ya ondarakel so kuarta ed kada taon. Alaen so Hornsdale Power Reserve ed South Australia - Say baleg ya proyekto na Tesla nipaakar ed baterya nen 2017 ya labalabay ya ibaga na amin bilang sakey ya istorya na itatalona. Tua, papabiskegen toy grid legan na saray frequency events, balet say 150 MW / 194 MWh ya sistema et mankantidad na manga $90 milyon AUD (www.abc.net.au). Mankantidad itan na $600,000 kada megawatt-oras na kapasidad na panagsimpenan. Parad sakey a sistema ya mamapaabeba ed kada sakey a siklo na karga.
Saray lithium-ion ya baterya, ya mangidadaulo ed grid storage market natan, et nababalang na ngalngalin 2-3% na kapasidad da kada taon lapud itatatken na kalendaryo, anggano agmo ra masyadon uusaren. Insan walay cycle degradation ed tapew na satan. Maslak ed saray komersyal ya sistema na baterya et walay garantiya ya manga 80% so kapasidad da kayari na 10 taon, ya mankabaliksan ya manbabayar ka parad panag-imbantak ya kalkalnan onkupas. Say economics et makatunongan labat ed saray espisipikon kaso na pangusar a singa say frequency regulation ya ditan et manbabayar kay premium rates parad millisecond response times.
Saray kapagaan ed kaligenan et ag met naimano. Nanonotan na amin nen apoolan so pasilidad na baterya ed Moss Landing diad California nen 2021. Sakey itan ya 300 MW / 1,200 MWh ya install - sakey ed saray sankabalgan ed mundo nen saman a panaon - tan kaukolan ya isara itan ed loob na pigaran bulan. Insan sikatoy apoolan lamet nen 2022 (www.energy-storage.news). Aliwan melag iran apoy ed kusina so pantotongtongan tayo. Saray lithium-ion thermal runaway events et mairap a tuloy ya erepen tan ibulos iray makasamal a gas. Say departamento na bombero et kaukolan ya abuloyan dan napoolan itan ya mismo legan ya ag-onsabi so amin ya arum.
Say California et singa balibali so pangi-install na battery storage, balet ta walay manunan problema da ya saray baterya et makapan-discharge labat na manga 4 oras ed rated power. Maong itan parad panag-ahit ed labi no onlelereg so solar, balet anggapoy kakanaan to parad multi-agew ya ebento na panaon odino pandurumaan na panaon. Kaukolan moy 50-100 beses ya mas dakel ya storage capacity pian nasarag moy sakey simba ya maliwliwawa ed panaoy ambetel, kanian ag la makatunongan so kuestionable lan ekonomya.
Iter ko ed sika so pigaran teknikal a numero. Say kaslakan ya utility-scale lithium-ion battery system et walaan na round-trip efficiency ya manga 85-90%, ya singa desente anggad naimano mon 10-15% na enerhiyam so naandi labat ed petang. Diad kada 100 MWh ya isimpen mo, 85-90 MWh labat so nabawi mo. Ikompara itan ed pumped hydro storage ya 70-80% ya efficiency - on mas abeba, balet say pumped hydro et makapangitipon na enerhiya ed loob na pigaran bulan ya anggapoy baleg ya pakaandi, bangta saray baterya et man-self-discharge na manga 1-3% kada bulan.
Say kaliberliber et magmaliw met ya magulo. Say panagmina na lithium, cobalt, nickel - aliwan malinis iran proseso. Walay report nen 2020 ya mangipapanengneng ya say panaggawa na baterya et makapawala na baleg ya CO2 emissions, ya manlapud 60-150 kg CO2 kada kWh na kapasidad na baterya depende ed energy mix ya inusar ed produksyon. No say grid yo et manpapaandar ni ed karbon legan yon ipapaalagey so panagsimpenan na baterya, diad tua et iyaalis yo labat so carbon emissions imbes ya ekalen iratan.
Insan wadtan so problema ed suplay na materyales. Nanengneng tayo la so itatagey na presyo na lithium, tan satan et antis na baleg ya indaak na produksyon na EV. Saray grid storage tan electric vehicles et mankokompetensya parad parehon materyales na baterya, tan anggapoy magenap ya kapasidad na produksyon pian napenek so duaran merkado ed saray sukat ya pantotongtongan. Ipapasakbay na arum ya analyst ya walay kakulangan na lithium no 2025 o 2026. Suerte ka ed pangipaalagey na terawatt-oras ya panagsimpenan no agmo naala iray materyales.
Saray flow batteries et tuloytuloy ya ipapaseseg bilang solusyon, balet ta wala la ra ed loob na pigaran dekada natan. Say densidad na enerhiya et makapataktakot - saray vanadium flow batteries et makagawa na manga 20-30 Wh/kg no ikompara ed lithium-ion's 200+ Wh/kg. Kabaliksan na satan so angkakabaleg iran tangke na solusyon na electrolyte, dakel a tubo ya nayarin onleak, saray bomba ya manguusar na kuryente tan mankaukolan na panmintina. Tan anggaman ed amin ya sipan, say aka-install ya base na flow batteries ed interon mundo et melag ni no ikompara ed lithium-ion. Nayarin walay rason ed satan.
Say pumped hydro et manitibukel na manga 95% na global grid storage capacity natan, balet agmo nayarin ipaalagey itan ed anggan iner. Kaukolan moy dugan geograpiya - duaran angkakabaleg a reservoir ed nanduruman kaatagey, mas maabig no asingger ed imprastraktura na transmisyon. Say pangiyabuloy labat ed kaliberliber et mangala na pigaran taon. Nen inproponin Pacific Gas & Electric so sakey a pasilidad na pumped hydro ed California nen kaplesan, manbabantay ira na 8-10 taon parad permit tan environmental studies antis ya onggapo. Tan satan et ipapasen ya anggapoy kaso manlapud saray grupon manbabantay ed kaliberliber ya mapaga ed ayaman na sira.
Saray angat ed pankasakey na grid et makanepegan na sarili dan diskusyon. Say pangiyarum na baleg a panagsimpenan et mankaukolan na pananguman ed saray transformer, sistema na proteksion, imprastraktura na panangontrol. Aliwan plug-tan-play. No maples ya ondiskarga iray baterya, nayarin pansengegan iratan na problema ed kalidad na kuryente - saray boltahe ya manguuman, saray harmonic distortions. Say grid et ag-agawa parad nilibon distributed battery systems ya amin et man-charge tan man-discharge ya semi-random base ed solar production tan oras-na pangusar ed saray signal na presyo.
Say CAISO grid operator na California et kinaukolan toy manggawa na balon totontonen ed tindaan tan sistema na panag-bid pian naakomodar so panagsimpenan, tan siansia nin aanapen da itan. Say panagsimpenan et nayarin mibiang ed saray merkado na enerhiya, merkado na kapasidad, merkado na ancillary services - balet saray totontonen et nanduruma ed kada hurisdiksyon tan tuloytuloy iran manguuman. Sayan agpakaseguroan ed saray totontonen so mamapairap ed panaggastos na saray proyekto lapud ag-amta na saray managpuonan no anto ran panlapuan na kuarta so napanmatalkan da.
Wala met so nikadkaduman problema na manok-tan itlog ed panag-imbantak tan panag-deploy na renewable energy. Kaukolan moy mas dakel ya panagsimpenan pian nawalaan na mas dakel ya renewable, balet say panagsimpenan et mabmabli, kanian mas mabmabli so pinagkasakey a sistema, ya mamatunda ed pangideploy na renewable. Naamtaan iya na Germany diad mairap a paraan - ta angiyan ira na baleg a kantidad na solar tan dagem balet ta kulang so panagsimpenan, kanian diad kaunoran et babawasan da so renewable generation no say produksyon et onlampas ed pankaukolan, odino manpapaandar ira na fossil fuel plants no ag-onsisinag so dagem.
Say isyu ed karukey na bilay so mas makapaermen ed siak nen say karaklan ya arum nin bengatla. Say natural gas power plant et makapanggawa na 30-40 taon no regular ya manmintina. Saray pasilidad na danum ya walay bomba to et manbayag na 50-100 taon. Lithium-ion ya baterya? Say nengnengen mo et 10-15 taon antis ya isalet, nayarin 20 no anak mo ra tan agmo ra sigpot ya nakarga/nadischarge. Kabaliksan na satan ya isalet so interon baterya ya maminpiga ed loob na bilay na saray solar panel odino wind turbine ya nepeg dan suportaan. Say gastos ed siklo na bilay et ag-onkukurang a maong.
Tan agko ni ni atalosan iray kakaukolanen ed pangusar na dalin. Saray pangipuesto na baterya et mankaukolan na baleg ya espasyo, saray bilding ya kontrolado na klima, saray sistema na panag-ekal na apoy, tan saray alad na seguridad. Say 100 MWh ya pasilidad na baterya et nayarin mangala na pigaran acre. I-multiply mo itan ed nilasus o nilibon ontan iran pasilidad ya nakaukolan parad seryoson grid-scale storage tan mansasalita ka na dakel a dalin. Diad saray pasen a singa say Japan o Singapore ya say dalin et mabmabli, saya so magmamaliw a baleg a pakaabalaan.
Kanian wala kasi ray disbentaha na grid level energy storage systems? On, talagan ontan ira. Agto labay ya ibagan agla kaukolan so panag-imbantak odino agtayo itan nepeg ya ipaalagey. Balet say pankunkunwari ya anggapoy angat odino sarag dan solbaren so inkasikara diad panamegley na mahikon subsidiya tan optimismo et makulangkulang. Saraya so peteg iran problema ed inhenyeria, ekonomya, tan siensia na materyales ya kaukolan so aktual iran solusyon, aliwan say panag-cheerleading labat.