Kabaliksan na lithium-ion battery electrolyte?

◆Anto ray aqueous electrolytes?

◆Introduksion ed Solid Electrolytes

Say electrolyte, sakey a nakaukolan a kabiangan nalithium-ion ya baterya, et walay importantin betang to ed saray siklo na panagkarga na baterya.

Aliwa labat ya responsable ed epektibon pangibiahe na lithium ions tan say pangikondukta na kuryente, no ag ingen walaan met na electronic insulation properties pian epektibon naprebentaan so direktan iyaagus na electron ed baetan na positibo tan negatibon electrode. Diad piguratibon panangibaga, say electrolyte et singa "dala" ed loob na lithium-ion ya baterya, ya mangiseguro na koneksyon na positibo tan negatibo iran materyales na electrode, kanian naseguro so maabig ya iyaaligwas na interon proseso na panagkarga.

Say sankaabigan ya electrolyte parad lithium-ion ya baterya et nepeg ya makasumpal ed sarayan limaran kakaukolanen:

Lapud tuloytuloy ya ondarakel so pankaukolan parad enerhiya tan pakayari na baterya, maples so iyaaligwas na teknolohiya na baterya, tan baleg so inyaligwas na saray materyales na electrode. Diad pidumaan, say inkiwala na saray sistema na electrolyte et atrasado. Diad kaplesan, say impamawala na lithium-ion battery electrolytes et nayarin iklasipika ed taloran klase: non-aqueous solvent electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, tan solid-state electrolytes.

Non-aqueous solvent electrolyte

 

Saray non-aqueous solvent electrolytes ed lithium-ion batteries et manutukoy ed saray sistema na electrolyte ya anggapoy danum, ya manunan tugyopen na saray solvent, solutes (kaslakan et lithium salts), tan saray additives. Sarayan aliwan -aqueous solvents et kaslakan ya organic solvents, imbes ya aqueous solvents, pian napaliisan so electrolysis na danum odino saray makapuy ya reaksion ed saray materyales na electrode. Saray lithium salts so manunan mangaawit na lithium-ion transport, saray solvents so manseserbin panagtunaw, panagbuybuyak, tan suporta na lithium salts, tan saray additives so manunan manseserbi pian napaaligwas so electrochemical performance odino kaligenan na saray lithium-ion batteries.

Saray naala ed tindaan ya electrolytes (salanti, liquid electrolytes) ya uusaren ed saray lithium-ion ya baterya et manunan tugyopen na sakey odino masulok nin lithium salts ya tinunaw ed duara odino masulok nin organikon solvent; saray electrolytes ya tugyopen na saksakey a solvent et matalag. Say rason no akin ya manguusar na dakel a solvent et lapud saray baterya ed mundo et walaan na nanduruman, anggan mankontraan, iran kakaukolanen ya mairap a nasumpal no mangusar na saksakey a solvent. Singa bilang, saray electrolytes et nayarin mankaukolan na atagey ya fluidity legan ya walaan met na atagey ya dielectric constant; kanian, saray solvent ya walaan na nanduruman physicochemical properties et mabetbet ya uusaren ya mankakasakey, ya mangipapatnag na nanduruman katangian ya mankakasakey. Sakey ni, saray lithium salts et kaslakan ya ag-uusaren a mankakasakey lapud limitado so pampili na lithium salts, tan saray bentaha ra et aliwan mainomay ya nanengneng.

Saray sankaabigan ya organikon solvent et nepeg ya walaan na sarayan manunan kablian: Unona, kaukolan day atagey ya dielectric constant pian naseguro so maong ya pantunaw na lithium salts; komadua, nepeg ya abeba so melting point da tan atagey so boiling point da pian napalaknab so operating temperature range na electrolyte; komatlo, say abeban viscosity et ontulong pian napaaligwas so iyalis na lithium ions ed medium; tan diad kaunoran, sarayan solvent et nepeg ya agmabli tan abeba so toxicity da (mas maong no aliwan -toxicity). Saray carbonate compound, bilang sakey ed saray sankaunaan tan sankalaknaban ya uusaren ya organic solvents ed industriya na lithium-ion battery, et walaan na importantin posisyon ed lawak na battery electrolytes.

Diad kaplesan, sayan klase na solvent et walaan na duaran nengneng: cyclic tan chain. Say table ed leksab et mansusumaryo na saray pisikal ya parametro na pigaran kaslakan ya uusaren ya non-aqueous solvents, electrolytes, tan organic solvents.

Diad kaplesan, saray alkyl carbonate solvents et kaslakan ya uusaren ed saray electrolytes. Sarayan solvent et walaan na maong ya resistensya ed oxidation tan mangipapatnag na ekselentin inkapekder ed silong na atagey a boltahe. Saray cyclic carbonates, a singa say ethylene carbonate tan propylene carbonate, et kabkabat ed atagey ya dielectric constants da, a mankabaliksan ya mas epektibo ran natunaw so lithium salts; balet, lapud mabiskeg iran puersa na baetan na saray molekula, sarayan solvent et walaan na atagey a viscosity, ya mamatunda ed igalaw na lithium ions ed loob da. Diad pidumaan, saray chain carbonates, a singa say dimethyl carbonate tan diethyl carbonate, anggaman walaan na abeban viscosity, walaan met na medyo abeban dielectric constants, a manresulta ed medyo makapuy ya dissolution efficiency na lithium salts. Kanian, pian makapangiparaan na sistema na solusyon ya walaan na superyor ya ionic conductivity, nanduruman klase na solvent so mabetbet ya ilalaok, a singa say PC+DEC odino EC+DMC ya kombinasyon. Say lithium salts, bilang lapuan na lithium ions ed electrolyte, et walaan na baleg a betang ed lithium-ion ion transport legan na proseso na panagkarga tan panagdiskarga na saray lithium-ion ya baterya. Say performance da et direktan mangaapekta ed dakel ya aspekto na lithium-ion ya baterya, kaiba lay energy density, power density, operating voltage range, cycle life, tan kaligenan. Natan, diad panagsukimat ed laboratoryo tan diad industrial practice, saray lithium salts ya walaan na angkakabaleg ya anionic radii tan atagey ya redox stability so kaslakan ya napili. Base ed kemikal a komposisyon da, saray asin na lithium et nayarin ibiig ed duaran kategorya: inorganic lithium salts tan organic lithium salts. Pigaran inorganic lithium salts so ginawa, kaiba lay LiPF6, LiClO4, LIBF, tan LIASF. Diad pidumaan, saray kaslakan ya uusaren ya organikon lithium salts ed lithium-ion ya baterya et ginawa diad pangiyarum na electron-withdrawing groups ed saray anion na sarayan inorganic lithium salts, a singa say lithium dioxalato-borate (LiBOB), lithium difluorooxalato-borate (-}, lithium difluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI), tan lithium ditrifluoromethylsulfonylimide (LTFSI). Ipapanengneng na table ed leksab iray makanakanan physicochemical properties na pigaran kaslakan ya uusaren ya lithium salts ed lithium-ion ya baterya.

Saray additives et saray substansia ya inyarum ed electrolyte diad abeban konsentrasyon (kaslakan et ag onlampas ed 10% ed masa) ya walaan na espisipikon kimey tan makapaaligwas a maong ed electrochemical characteristics na baterya. Base ed saray kimey da, sarayan additives et nayarin iklasipika ed pigaran kategorya: film-forming additives, flame retardants, tan additives pian ag-onlalabas so karga. Niarum ni, wala ray additives ya uusaren pian napaaligwas so konduktibidad, napaaligwas so performance ed silong na abeban-kondisyon na temperatura, odino nakontrol so trace amounts tan HF concentrations ed electrolyte solution.